[Updated Nov. 7, 2007]
If you flip over the rock of American foreign policy of the past century, this is what crawls out …
invasions … bombings … overthrowing governments … suppressing movements for social change … assassinating political leaders … perverting elections … manipulating labor unions … manufacturing “news” … death squads … torture … biological warfare … depleted uranium … drug trafficking … mercenaries …
[psyops] … [black ops ] … [false-flag operation] …
It’s not a pretty picture. It is enough to give imperialism a bad name.
From: Killing Hope: US Military and CIA Interventions Since World War II, by William Blum [See Table of Contents below.]
A Reply to: America Cannot Be Said to Be Good
P. J. Cunningham makes legitimate references to the role of the civilians concerning the wars of aggression waged by their governments. It is true. The ‘Japanese civilians on the home front’ didn’t have to make weapons, or churn out propaganda, ‘feeding the [Imperial] beast.’ Neither do the Americans!
Moral rigor mortis soon sets in: ‘If Bush is unjust, if he is, as they say, the worst ever…’ If? As they say? You give Bush the benefit of the doubt? How generous of you! Sacré bleu! Mr Cunningham, who are they? Don’t you have any ideas of your own? Don’t know the facts about the war? Haven’t you seen the pictures? Read the alternative media? Learned the stats of the dead, injured and displaced? Could you honestly look at the body of a dead Iraqi (or a dead American occupation soldier) blown to pieces by the Bush doctrine of genocide in Iraq and still say If? Could you look in the eye of an Iraqi child who has lost her family and 50 percent of her body because an American cluster bomb was fired at her, and say ‘If Bush is unjust…?’ If America is guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity? How could there be any doubt in a sane mind about Bush, the American cruelty and Iraqi genocide?
Cunningham’s attempt to obfuscate America’s infamous history, riddled with countless wars of aggression, massacres and acts of genocide, by blaming everything on the current US policy, which ‘bears some eerie parallels to that of Tojo’s Japan,’ rather than questioning the roots of America’s racism that compels her to wage unending barbaric wars against the world’s ‘colored’ races, is, at best, disingenuous (it is also ill-informed and shoddy ‘research’).
[As indefensible as their heinous war crimes and crimes against humanity were, if you could ask Tojo, his criminal cohorts, the Japanese rightists, and the ‘mean-spirited soldiers who violated the conventions of war by gratuitously killing, raping and torturing non-combatant Chinese [are you justifying rape and torture against combatants, Mr Cunningham?]’ how anyone could have committed such monstrous transgressions, they would probably cite the historical precedence set by America as a palpable ‘defense.’]
At worst, it is unadulterated Orwellian Big Brotherism. Cunningham manufactures doublethink to make you believe what you would otherwise know to be false. He attempts to create a new past because, as Orwell said, he who controls the past controls the future, and he who controls the present controls the past.
Was there a single period in the American history, even briefly, when the WASP were reprimanded, let alone prosecuted (convicted and punished), for shedding the blood of the ‘inferior’ races? To blame America’s misdeeds on ‘Tojoism,’ a miscreant administration cheered on by a repulsive generation, is selective memory and convenient amnesia and as such it is morally objectionable.
Cunningham’s half-truths, omissions and disinformation through doublethink are consistent, however, with the ’scholarly’ whitewash you would expect from Juan Cole’s den of disinformation - the ‘Informed [sic] Comment.’
Inadvertently, you have proved my point, Mr Cunningham.
A List of American Wars and Massacres
1495 Hispaniola Pacification campaign
1503 Xaraguá Massacre (1503)
1511 Cuba expedition under
1513 Pacra Massacre
1519 Tlaxcala Massacres
1519 Cholula Massacre
1520 Huitzilopochtli Festival Massacre
1521 Post-siege massacre of Tenochtitlan
1532 Cajas Massacre
1532 Cajamarca Massacre
1539 Napituca Massacre
1540 Mabila Massacre
1541 Moho Pueblo Massacre
1598 Acoma Massacre
1623 Pamunkey Peace Talks
1636 the Pequot Massacre
1637 Mystic Massacre
1644 English Massacre of sleeping village
1690 Schenectady Massacre
1763 Paxton Boys Massacre
1774 Yellow Creek Massacre
1775–1783 American Revolutionary War
1782 Gnadenhütten massacre
1798–1800 Quasi-War, France
1801–1805 First Barbary War
1812–1815 War of 1812
1815 Second Barbary War (also known as the Algerine or Algerian War)
1818 Chehaw Affair
1832 Battle of Bad Axe
1838 The Trail of Tears (forced relocation of the Cherokee Native American tribe to the Western United States, which resulted in the deaths of an estimated 4,000 Cherokees.)
1847 Battle of Contreras
1847 The Battles of Churubusco
1847 The Battle of Molino del Rey
1861–1865 The American Civil War
1850 Bloody Island Massacre
1851 “Extermination was once the official policy of the California government toward Native Americans, as Gov. Peter H. Burnett stated in 1851: ‘That a war of extermination will continue to be waged between the two races until the Indian race becomes extinct, must be expected…’” [Carla Blank]
1854 Kaibai Creek Massacre
1860 Gunther Island Massacre
1863 Bear River Massacre
1863 Keyesville Massacre
1864 Sand Creek Massacre
1864 Fort Pillow (near Memphis, Tenn.) Massacre.
1864-1890 “The massacres of Indians by the armies of the United States-in Colorado in 1864, in Montana in 1870, in South Dakota in 1890, to cite just a few-were massacres in the most literal sense: that is, wholesale slaughter in each case of hundreds of unarmed men, women, and children.” [Howard Zinn]
1865-1871 Yahi Massacres
1868 Battle of Washita River
1870 Marias Massacre
1871 Camp Grant Massacre
1873 Colfax Massacre (Grand Parish, La.) “… Easter Sunday of 1873, when the sun went down that night, it went down on the corpses of two hundred and eighty negroes.” [John G. Lewis]
1879 Ft Robinson Massacre
1885 East St. Louis massacres of black Americans
1886 Bay View Massacre in Milwaukee
1890 Wounded Knee Massacre
According to the historian David Stannard about 100 million died in the American Holocaust. Kirkpatrick Sale, Phil Lane, Jr., Lenore A. Stiffarm and Ben Kiernan, among others, share Stannard’s perspective. See also Ward Churchill’s research on the American Holocaust.
1897 Lattimer Massacre
1898 Spanish-American War
1899-1902 Philippine-American War [hostilities continued until 1913]
‘[In] the eight-year war to conquer the Philippines, a bloody affair that in many ways resembled the war in Vietnam. The United States killed [more than one million] Filipinos [mostly civilians] in the war.’ [Hoaward Zinn]
1906 “In 1906, an American military detachment attacked a village of Filipino Moslems (‘Moros’) living in the hollow of a mountain in one of the southern islands. Every one of 600 men, women, and children were killed.” [Hoaward Zinn]
1914 Ludlow [the Rockefeller] Massacre
1917 Massacre of Chinese miners in Rock Spring, Wyoming,
1921 “Negro’s Wall Street” 64 lynchings of the African American were reported.
“In 1921, in Tulsa, Oklahoma, planes dropped nitroglycerin on a thirty-six-block black business district, destroying hundreds of businesses, more than 1,000 homes, twenty churches, a hospital, libraries, and schools. The number of black people killed was estimated by some in the hundreds, by others in the thousands. Bodies were put into mass graves, stuffed into mine shafts, or thrown into the river.” [Hoard Zinn]
1927 Columbine Mine massacre (not the televised Columbine High School massacre in 1999)
1950-1953 Korean War
1952 Operation PBFORTUNE, Guatemala
1954 Operation PBSUCCESS, Guatemala
1958 Operation Blue Bat, Lebanon
1961 Bay of Pigs Invasion, Cuba
1962 Sino-Indian Border Conflict
1962-1973 Vietnam War
1965-1966 Operation Powerpack, Dominican Republic
1968 ‘My Lai Massacre of 1968, in which a company of American soldiers poured automatic rifle fire into groups of unarmed villagers, killing perhaps 500 people, many of them women and children.’ [H. Zinn]
“My Lai was not a unique event. An Army colonel charged with covering up the My Lai incident told reporters: ‘Every unit of brigade size has its My Lai hidden someplace.’”
“And if the word ‘massacre’ means indiscriminate mass slaughter of innocent people, is it not reasonable to call the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki ‘massacres,’ as well as the fire-bombing of Tokyo and the destruction of Dresden and other German cities? [Hoaward Zinn]
1980 Operation Eagle Claw, Iran hostage crisis, 1980
1983 Operation Urgent Fury, Invasion of Grenada,
1987-1989 Iran-Iraq War
1989-1990 Operation Just Cause, Panama
1991 Persian Gulf War
1992-1994 Somali Civil War
1994-1999 Yugoslav Wars
2001-Present. In the terror created by “War on Terror” about 1.2 million Iraqis 50,000 (?) Afghanis and at least 5-10,000 Americans and other Europeans have been killed.
Omissions may have occurred unintentionally.
Killing Hope: US Military and CIA Interventions Since World War II, by William Blum
Table of Contents
1. China - 1945 to 1960s: Was Mao Tse-tung just paranoid?
2. Italy - 1947-1948: Free elections, Hollywood style
3. Greece - 1947 to early 1950s: From cradle of democracy to client state
4. The Philippines - 1940s and 1950s: America’s oldest colony
5. Korea - 1945-1953: Was it all that it appeared to be?
6. Albania - 1949-1953: The proper English spy
7. Eastern Europe - 1948-1956: Operation Splinter Factor
8. Germany - 1950s: Everything from juvenile delinquency to terrorism
9. Iran - 1953: Making it safe for the King of Kings
10. Guatemala - 1953-1954: While the world watched
11. Costa Rica - Mid-1950s: Trying to topple an ally - Part 1
12. Syria - 1956-1957: Purchasing a new government
13. Middle East - 1957-1958: The Eisenhower Doctrine claims another backyard for America
14. Indonesia - 1957-1958: War and pornography
15. Western Europe - 1950s and 1960s: Fronts within fronts within fronts
16. British Guiana - 1953-1964: The CIA’s international labor mafia
17. Soviet Union - Late 1940s to 1960s: From spy planes to book publishing
18. Italy - 1950s to 1970s: Supporting the Cardinal’s orphans and techno-fascism
19. Vietnam - 1950-1973: The Hearts and Minds Circus
20. Cambodia - 1955-1973: Prince Sihanouk walks the high-wire of neutralism
21. Laos - 1957-1973: L’Armée Clandestine
22. Haiti - 1959-1963: The Marines land, again
23. Guatemala - 1960: One good coup deserves another
24. France/Algeria - 1960s: L’état, c’est la CIA
25. Ecuador - 1960-1963: A text book of dirty tricks
26. The Congo - 1960-1964: The assassination of Patrice Lumumba
27. Brazil - 1961-1964: Introducing the marvelous new world of death squads
28. Peru - 1960-1965: Fort Bragg moves to the jungle
29. Dominican Republic - 1960-1966: Saving democracy from communism by getting rid of democracy
30. Cuba - 1959 to 1980s: The unforgivable revolution
31. Indonesia - 1965: Liquidating President Sukarno … and 500,000 others
East Timor - 1975: And 200,000 more
32. Ghana - 1966: Kwame Nkrumah steps out of line
33. Uruguay - 1964-1970: Torture — as American as apple pie
34. Chile - 1964-1973: A hammer and sickle stamped on your child’s forehead
35. Greece - 1964-1974: “Fuck your Parliament and your Constitution,” said
the President of the United States
36. Bolivia - 1964-1975: Tracking down Che Guevara in the land of coup d’etat
37. Guatemala - 1962 to 1980s: A less publicized “final solution”
38. Costa Rica - 1970-1971: Trying to topple an ally — Part 2
39. Iraq - 1972-1975: Covert action should not be confused with missionary work
40. Australia - 1973-1975: Another free election bites the dust
41. Angola - 1975 to 1980s: The Great Powers Poker Game
42. Zaire - 1975-1978: Mobutu and the CIA, a marriage made in heaven
43. Jamaica - 1976-1980: Kissinger’s ultimatum
44. Seychelles - 1979-1981: Yet another area of great strategic importance
45. Grenada - 1979-1984: Lying — one of the few growth industries in Washington
46. Morocco - 1983: A video nasty
47. Suriname - 1982-1984: Once again, the Cuban bogeyman
48. Libya - 1981-1989: Ronald Reagan meets his match
49. Nicaragua - 1981-1990: Destabilization in slow motion
50. Panama - 1969-1991: Double-crossing our drug supplier
51. Bulgaria 1990/Albania 1991: Teaching communists what democracy is all about
52. Iraq - 1990-1991: Desert holocaust
53. Afghanistan - 1979-1992: America’s Jihad
54. El Salvador - 1980-1994: Human rights, Washington style
55. Haiti - 1986-1994: Who will rid me of this turbulent priest?
56. The American Empire - 1992 to present
Related Links:
http://cghs.dadeschools.net/african-american/precivil/index.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_massacres
http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/knee.htm
http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/History/Massacres_History.html
http://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-650279/Wyoming-Massacre
http://www.counterpunch.org/blank05022007.html
http://www.zmag.org/bios/homepage.cfm?authorID=62
http://www.cesc.net/radicalweb/radicalconsultation/kirkpatricksale.html
http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/History/American_Holocaust.html
http://www.monash.edu.au/alumni/prominent-alumni/ben-kiernan.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_history_of_American_indigenous_peoples
http://scu.edu/ethics/architects-of-peace/Lane/homepage.html
http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2007/05/02/EDGK5PIUQE1.DTL